Characterization of T-cell checkpoint modulators in carcinogen-induced mouse models of malignant bladder cancer

T-cells play a vital role in controlling cancer progression and it is important to develop therapies
against abilities of tumour cells in avoiding the host immune system. The T-cell checkpoint blockade
has recently emerged as a promising new therapy for bladder cancer, which otherwise lacks
effective chemotherapy. The aim of this project is to determine whether mouse models of malignant
bladder cancer induced by tobbaco carcinogen could be a useful model for preclinical studies, by
characterising the presence of T-cell checkpoint modulator PD-L1. The availability of suitable in vivo
platform will greatly enhance the establishment of this therapy.